Characteristic Facial Features Change Over Time

Independent Researcher, Croatia

^*Corresponding author: Sinisa Franjic, Independent Researcher, Croatia, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: April 18, 2025

Published Date: May 27, 2025

Citation: Franjic S. (2025). Characteristic Facial Features Change Over Time. Mathews J Dermatol. 9(1):29.

Copyrights: Franjic S. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

Facial aesthetics includes natural aesthetic treatments that can achieve the desired facial appearance. Each of the facial aesthetics treatments enables a targeted effect on the desired area of the face. Therefore, problematic skin is no longer a problem. Facial aesthetics is inextricably linked with smile aesthetics. The aesthetics of a smile does not begin or end exclusively with a smile. This especially applies to the immediate areas that surround and outline the mouth. Nasolabial and marionette wrinkles and the wrinkles immediately above and below the lips are the frame of one's smile. When that frame does not match the aesthetics of the smile very often, neither the patient nor the doctor is completely satisfied.

Keywords: Face, Skin, Smile, Esthetics, CAD/CAM.

INTRODUCTION

The oral and maxillofacial region possesses expansive portion of human face [1]. Subsequently, if the orbital, lip and cheek, nose and other parts endure open wounds and are not treated appropriately, scar contracture may show up after the wound mends, driving to uprooting and misshapening of ordinary tissues and organs and truly influencing the patient’s appearance and psychology. Subsequently, whereas treating oral and maxillofacial damage, clinicians ought to too consider tasteful aspects.

Indications

• Signs for facial stylish treatment [2].
• Aetiology of ageing.
• Facial evaluation for stylish treatment.
• Botulinum toxin instrument of activity, signs, contraindications, and side-effects.
• Treatment with chemical peels and microdermabrasion.
• Hair reclamation techniques.
• Surgical methods for rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, forehead lift, rhytidectomy and otoplasty.
• Utilize of dermal fillers.
• Fat augmentation.
• Uses of laser.
• Management of facial scarring.

Reasons

• Look younger [2].
• Determination criteria.
• Expectations.
• Complications.
• Scars.
• Health.
• Biological years.
• Skin.

Smile Line

In corrective, prosthetic, and implant dentistry, the level of the smile line, moreover called lip line, portrays the degree to which the gingival tissue is uncovered whereas the persistent smiles [3]. The smile line is an fundamental device for surveying the tasteful challenges of helpful and reconstructive dentistry, however deciding variables stay tricky. An ultrasonic examination of the lip lift musculature uncovered that the zygomaticus major muscle was essentially thicker in women compared with men. There were also altogether more women than men with high smile lines. However these two results seem not be related, and in this way, the stature of the smile line was not found to be related with the thickness of either the levator labii superioris or zygomaticus major muscles.

The capacity to deliver certain facial expressions contrasts between groups of people due to sexual orientation and age. Males had a more prominent upward vertical development capacity in the considered facial expressions than females. Females had a more articulated flat component in the postured smile. All energetic estimations counting alter in upper lip length, upper lip thickness, commissure tallness, and intercommissural width from rest to smile diminished with age in both males and females. Changes in upper lip length and commissure stature on smiling were more prominent in males as compared with females of the same age groups. Changes in intercommissural width on smiling were more noteworthy in females as compared with males in all age groups.

Canine

Beside the to begin with molars, the canine is the most vital tooth in human dentition [4]. As a solid pillar on the move from the front to the back locale, it has a significant useful part as well as a critical part for facial aesthetics in the nasolabial crease. The canine issue is a prime illustration of prophylactic considering and acting. Since of its long emission way (so-called “eye tooth”) and the more prominent differences between the drain and lasting canine, suitable mediation is completely shown. Shockingly, orthodontic treatment regularly begins as well late, since dental specialists anticipate the ejection of all teeth; be that as it may, by this time, 2–3 mm space for the canine may as of now be lost. This late referral may have legitimate results. To what extent failure of a dental specialist can be concluded in this special specialized counseling circumstance must be proven.

The whole back zone must be distalized to open the hole for the canine. This errand can as it were be unraveled by a most extreme of participation of the quiet and by offer assistance of the headgear, in the long run by extraction of two or four premolars and a total multiband treatment. During surgical presentation, mistakes may happen since of need of participation between orthodontists and verbal specialists. As well much joined gingiva that is fundamental for a great periodontal closure of the canine may be extracted. The same applies for evacuation of as well much of the alveolar bone. The neck locale of the canine tooth may be harmed. The roots of adjoining teeth may be harmed. Since the presentation of the holding procedure, the last mentioned complication can be minimized, in differentiate to the strategy of circumferential wiring. It is an self-evident net carelessness if the bracket is stuck to the summit of the tooth instep of to the crown.

Especially in treatment of adults, whether the tooth can be balanced or whether it is ankylosed must be checked (after surgical presentation) some time recently beginning a exorbitant orthodontic treatment. A apparently redress treatment can also cause considerable harm, as in this case. The upper canine appears a leftover propensity. The hole is closed and cannot be orthodontically opened. For this reason, the to begin with premolar is ordinarily extricated to set the affected canine. One lethal deplorable might be that the canine deviates from its ejection way and retains the root of the horizontal incisor. Hence, the persistent loses two solid teeth.

The crevice that was made by the extraction of the to begin with premolar is closed by the mesial migration of the to begin with molar and moment premolar. Once more, the extraction was in unsuccessful. The premolar may as it were be extricated if it is guaranteed that the canine is movable and was pulled from the root region of the horizontal incisor to avoid root resorption. The hole made by the extraction of the to begin with premolar must be kept open utilizing a placeholder or at slightest must be habitually controlled.

Another genuine blunder may emerge from opening the hole for the canine, which is a sagittal, and not, as regularly erroneously accepted, a transversal issue. A hole for the canine must in this manner be opened by mesially and distally moving adjoining teeth. This cannot be accomplished by utilizing a transversely acting development plate.

Deformities

Patients looking for orthognathic surgery regularly show with occlusal errors, but moreover display critical facial disharmony, which supports the dentofacial deformation [5]. The facial tasteful needs may exceed the occlusal concerns, and orthognathic methods ought to be executed to confer not as it were legitimate impediment, but the most optimized facial aesthetics and adjust. Facial hard developments serve as the system to accomplish an tasteful soft-tissue wrap, and require exact arranging and execution. Adjustment of the hard issues is the establishment to give the to begin with layer of soft-tissue back, but extra adjunctive delicate- and hard-tissue control may be required to encourage upgrade the result. The craved lesson I impediment relationship is the perfect base for getting an tasteful in general result.

Orthognathic surgery can modify hard bolster in any plane of space: sagittal, vertical, transverse, yaw, pitch, and turn (cant redress). Spatial situating (and disharmony), facial highlights, grin system, and dental characteristics are all taken into thought for diagnosis and treatment planning.

The occlusal plane plays a noteworthy part in diagnosis and treatment arranging. In a few cases, the relationship between front nasal spine (ANS), incisor tip, and pogonion (Pog) may be fitting; in any case, changes in the occlusal plane can result in unreasonably raised or concave profiles. When vertical issues cover sagittal issues, the occlusal planemust regularly be modified to satisfactorily rectify the deformation. Modification of the occlusal plane ought to be considered in arrange to progress grin aesthetics, but moreover the degree of sagittal alter at both the nasal base and chin/Pog region.

The vertical component and occlusal plane modification is moreover considered as basic, as an viable device to accomplish stylish facial adjust, in the setting of the arranged course I occlusal result. Developments in the front and back headings modify facial profile, midface projection, chin conspicuousness and smile aesthetics. Vertical developments can change facial tallness and chin length, in expansion to facial profile and smile aesthetics.

It is vital to recognize that once in a while does a unadulterated lesson II or course III deformation alone display for treatment. Or maybe, a combination of asymmetry, lost or swarmed teeth, and transverse and vertical issues, are superimposed together with a lesson II or lesson III relationship. Arranging must account for the totality of the case, and by and large stylish and occlusal goals.

CAD/CAM Esthetics

Today CAD/CAM innovation plays a exceptionally vital part in custom facial inserts creation [6]. Numerous facial insufficiencies and peculiarities can be rectified by fabulous facial forming with custom inserts made by CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided fabricating). Altered stock inserts can fulfill the void of prompt embed methods which requires small or no adjustments earlier to arrangement in the facial locale in arrange to minimize forming inconsistencies or surgical space fillings. In some cases during this molding or whereas surgery, embed adjustment strategies may drag out agent time and minor unmistakable inconsistencies may endure after surgery.

Assessment of the agent locale some time recently the surgery utilizing 3D CT (computed tomography) filter imaging innovation permits the specialist to take superior choice with respect to the surgical approach and procedures utilized in rectifying the hypoplastic locales. On the other hand, the CAD/CAM innovation permits for the creation of a exactness custom embed with expanded unsurprising advancements of upgrade moreover which straightforwardly makes a difference in way better adjustment to the basic skeletal structures giving an perfect anatomical contouring.

Gone those days where the understanding required to take facial impressions and custom inserts made without advanced advances which required parts of required quiet compliance and most of the time impressions did not precisely capture the fundamental skeletal structures making wrong impressions and calm messy procedure.

There are a assortment of ways to deliver custom inserts; most of them take after the same taking after methodology:

• Creation of a stereolithographic demonstrate and a modeling putty is provided.
• The área of intrigued is molded and adjusted with modeling material.
• This is at that point sent to a manufacturer for the manufacture of the last implant.
• In this handle, virtual arranging is accessible as well which has the advantage of permitting for reflecting of the advanced picture which helps in the rectification of facial asymmetries in one-sided defects.

CAD/CAM Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

The utilize of CAD/CAM strategies in maxillofacial surgeries has a few points of interest over manual strategies such as clinicians have advanced information that can be utilized over and over for the reason of making a trial design or facial prosthesis [6]. Trial design made with CAD/CAM method can be balanced for its thickness so that the last facial prosthesis can be made as light as conceivable whereas keeping up its shape and surface, separated from this it makes shorter creation time, requiring less amazing clinical abilities but tall program and innovative knowledge.

It is exceptionally vital to note that the picture direction is given in genuine time and the imaging is gotten earlier to surgical route. To overcome volumetric misshapenings related with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) information, CT checks are most commonly utilized which are exact pictures. Picture cuts around 1 mm guarantee the exactness of imaging methods. The information gotten is at that point transferred to the computer module. Anatomical points of interest are enlisted on the persistent and interrelated with the same locales on the transferred imaging.

The points of interest change from the surface points of interest, screws put and secured to hard prominences, or utilizing points of interest joined to a veil secured to the quiet. The point of interest enrollment is performed utilizing a stylus, which is recognized by a camera connected to the imaging show module. Each point of interest is affirmed between the show picture and the persistent. The camera joins to the enrolled stylus utilizing either infrared, electromagnetic, or ultrasound information transfer.

During surgery, it is critical to confirm the already enrolled points of interest. In a few cases, the mistake may be presented from any kind of surface tissue development or taking after surgical control. Concurring to the writing, the exactness of anatomical localization is close approximately 1 mm.

The primary point of this innovation is to decrease horribleness and invasiveness and help with image-guided localization of surgical points of interest. Get to to the operation location is a common challenge of most surgeries, and moreover confined visualization by anatomical structures and corrective requests. Profound orbital districts are some of the time troublesome to reach and especially challenging, in such cases the advanced picture direction is supportive to maintain a strategic distance from mishaps with imperative structures here such as the optic nerve. Regulating values reference is utilized to decide secure dismemberment separations from the intraorbital edge to each structure arranged adjacent. These reference values gotten to be insignificant if there is broad comminution of the edge which also complicates appropriate lessening and ensuing stylish result of traumatic hard surrenders. Confirmation of lessening is misplaced with the misfortune of hard points of interest. As a result, the precision in the projection of the included bone is challenged and comes about in compromised facial esthetic.

Mirroring procedure is used:

• To redress the one-sided facial imperfection the surgical route program can offer assistance reestablish facial symmetry through the utilize of mirroring.
• The picture of the unhurt side is reproduced, a reflect picture is made and superimposed to the harmed side.
• The malpositioned bone is at that point repositioned in its right anatomical position three-dimensionally until a craved projection is gotten and confirmed utilizing the route module. Obsession is at that point applied.

In a few circumstances where the reciprocal devastation is exceptionally tremendous that the reflecting procedures are not conceivable in such circumstances, the specialist can go for the patient’s kin or children’s facial impressions where the facial appearance and forms are more likely to coordinate the reproduction process.

Cosmetic Surgery

Patients with noteworthy restorative comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary course infection, or unremitting obstructive aspiratory infection, are not perfect candidates for cosmetic strategies [7]. For case, in hypertensive patients, hematoma arrangement is more common, which in turn can lead to tissue corruption and contamination. Diabetes mellitus is related with postponed wound mending and raised rates of infection.

As facial corrective surgery is elective in nature, methods ought to be conceded until a persistent has been optimized. Corpulent patients are empowered to lose weight some time recently surgery in arrange to lower the chance of disease and tissue rot. Smoking remains a major hazard calculate for postoperative contamination, and total cessation of tobacco is exhorted. At a least, patients should go without from smoking at slightest 3 weeks earlier to arranged surgery, and cessation ought to proceed until satisfactory recuperating of the surgical wound has been accomplished. Combined, these components permit facial tasteful surgeries to have low dangers of postoperative infection.

In expansion to cautious case choice, fastidious surgical procedure is fundamental to contamination control. The skin ought to be suitably washed and arranged, and consideration ought to be paid to sterile methods. Fragile surgical techniquecan decrease the frequency of hematoma, wound pressure, and skin necrosis, all of which give a nidus for bacterial development and eventually lead to essential or auxiliary wound infection.

The signs for prophylactic antibiotics in facial corrective surgery are disputable. In any case, the utilize of short-term prophylactic antibiotics remains a well known practice among specialists, as the results of postoperative contamination can lead to scar arrangement or deformation. Skin reemerging produces a huge zone of deepithelialized wound, which requires cautious consideration to wound care. Herpetic diseases are especially dreaded complications taking after skin reemerging due to the broad range of association. In this manner, anti-herpetic prophylaxis is regularly utilized, particularly in strategies including control of the bone or cartilage or with the utilize of alloplastic inserts or packing.

It is vital to identify postoperative contaminations early and run the show out other conceivable analyze, such as touchiness responses. When a postoperative contamination is experienced, treatment ought to start promptly and forcefully utilizing broad-spectrum antibiotics. Culture and affectability tests ought to be utilized to tailor antibiotic treatment to the distinguished living being. Surgical administration, such as entry point and waste, hematoma departure, or debridement of necrotic tissue, may be shown. Once treatment has started, visit follow-up arrangements are suggested in arrange to screen the advance of the disease. Meeting with an irresistible infection pro ought to be considered when an disease does not react to schedule treatment modalities. Given the rising rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and atypical mycobacterial contaminations taking after facial stylish surgery, early acknowledgment and incite meeting with an irresistible malady pro can be crucial.

In treating postoperative contaminations, meticulous clinical assessment and visit follow-up arrangements are required. Once a complication has been analyzed, the quiet must be truly educated of the issue and a detailed treatment arrange defined. The plausibility of late amendment surgery ought to moreover be considered and examined with the patient.

As patients who experience stylish methods are intensely concerned with their appearance, complications can be related with serious uneasiness. Patients may request an prompt arrangement to the issue. In any case, passionate trouble from the understanding ought to not modify the surgeon’s clinical judgment or treatment arrange. When the clinician keeps up astuteness and polished skill, patients are more likely to be satisfied and less likely to seek lawful action.

CONCLUSION

Characteristic facial features change over time because the face loses its firmness and definition. Young skin is elastic, shiny and smooth thanks to collagen, elastin, water and an ingredient naturally found in the body - hyaluronic acid. Over the years, the content of hyaluronic acid in the skin decreases, which causes it to be less hydrated and consequently causes the formation of wrinkles. The natural course of aging cannot be stopped, but it can be slowed down. Modern aesthetic medicine has come to this problem without resorting to surgical methods. Aesthetics of the face is observed on a macro and micro level, which includes individual parts of the face, which may or may not be proportional and mutually symmetrical.

ETHICAL ISSUES

No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

None.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

1. Xia M. (2023). Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.In: Jiang H, Xia M, (eds). Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore. pp. 34.
2. Ahmed A, Farook S, Perry M. (2023). Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Revision Study Guide. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 1.
3. von Arx T, Lozanoff S. (2017). Clinical Oral Anatomy - A Comprehensive Review for Dental Practitioners and Researchers. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 12.
4. Rötzscher K, Seifert G, Singer R. (2014). Dental Law in Germany. In: Rötzscher, K. (ed). Forensic and Legal Dentistry. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 147-148.
5. Kontaxis K, Steinbacher DM. (2019). Convex Facial Profiles, Class II Skeletal Problems. In: Steinbacher DM. (ed). Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, USA. pp. 77.
6. Mohammed I. (2021). Use of Three-Dimensional Dental Impressions in Maxillofacial Surgeries. In: Chaughule RS, Dashaputra R, (eds). Advances in Dental Implantology using Nanomaterials and Allied Technology Applications. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 371-374.
7. Kim S, Hashim P, Ferneini EM. (2018). Postoperative Infection. In: Ferneini EM, Castiglione CL, Banki M, (eds). Complications in Maxillofacial Cosmetic Surgery - Strategies for Prevention and Management. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 92.