The Micro-Reactor: An Opportunity for Re-Evaluation of the Azido Group (N3) in the Syntheses of Nitrogen-Based Drug Products

¹Professor Emeritus, University of Bologna, Italy

²Associate Professor, University of Bologna, Italy

*Corresponding author: Dr. Paolo Zanirato, Associate Professor, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy, Phone: +39 3391051242, E-mail: [email protected]

#Co-corresponding author: Dr. Ferruccio Trifirò, Professor Emeritus, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 31, Bologna, Italy, Phone: +39 3207987039, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: May 12, 2025

Published Date: May 30, 2025

Citation: Trifirò F, et al. (2025). The Micro-Reactor: An Opportunity for Re-Evaluation of the Azido Group (N₃) in the Syntheses of Nitrogen-Based Drug Products. Mathews J Pharma Sci. 9(3):51.

Copyrights: Trifirò F, et al. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of organic azides and their synthetic utility at the chemical laboratory scale raise an ethical and professional issue as potential highly energetic substances (HEDM). Among the new experimental methods, micro-reactor technology represents an ideal system for the safe and large-scale synthesis of potentially explosive substances, such as organic azides. This technology has opened opportunities for green and sustainable chemical synthesis, for example with the utilization of micro-reactors for intensifying catalytic biomass conversion. This provides a concise overview on green process intensification in micro-reactors for the synthesis of value-added chemicals and fuels from biomass. From the synthetic point of view, organic azides are known as versatile precursors of reactive species - nitrenes and nitrenium ions - as well as numerous highly nitrogenous compounds such as aziridines, azirines, triazoles, triazolines, tetrazoles and substances due to the transformation of the azido group into other functional groups such as triazenes, aza-ylides, isocyanates, amines. This versatility of the organic azides has been widely used in the search for new drugs over the last thirty years within the concept of ‘Click Chemistry’ (1995-2025).

Keywords: Organic Azides, Click Reaction, Micro-Reactor, Nitrogen Pharmacological Active Substances, Triazole, Triazolium, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory.