Menstrual Cycle, Ethnicity, Region of Residence and Women Engagement in Clinical Breast Exam for Cancer in Ghana

Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

*Corresponding author: Dr. Anthony Edward Boakye, Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Phone: +233544006918, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4017-8351, Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Received Date: May 06, 2025

Published Date: June 10, 2025

Citation: Boakye AE. (2025). Menstrual Cycle, Ethnicity, Region of Residence and Women Engagement in Clinical Breast Exam for Cancer in Ghana. Mathews J Cancer Sci. 10(1):51.

Copyrights: Boakye AE. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

Background: The rate of breast cancer cases in Ghana compared to other cancers is 31.8%, much higher than the global rate of 25%. However, advances in breast cancer examination allow healthcare professionals to diagnose breast cancer earlier. Objective: Based on this, the study aimed to investigate whether menstrual cycle, ethnicity, and region of residence influence women to engage in clinical breast exam for cancer in Ghana. Methods: Data for the study were extracted from the 2022 GDHS. The survey was conducted cross-sectionally with 18,450 households drawn from 618 clusters which resulted in 15,014 interviewed women age 15–49 and 7,044 interviewed men age 15–59 (in one of every two households selected). The survey made used of a stratified two-stage cluster sampling procedure which was carefully designed to yield representative results at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the 16 regions, for most DHS indicators. Data were processed with SPSS version 27 and analysed with frequency distribution, chi-square and binary logistic regression. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the influences of the IVs on the DV. Results: The study found that ovulation in the middle of a cycle was significantly associated with clinical breast exam for cancer uptake in Ghana. Conclusion: The study found low clinical breast exam for cancer uptake among women. Therefore, to efficiently inspire women in Ghana to join in clinical breast exam for cancer, the current study recommends healthcare providers to use mobile phone, television and radio messaging to educate women on the eminence benefits of CBE to ensure an increase uptake of CBE in Ghana.

Keywords: Cancer, Clinical Breast Exam, Engagement, Ethnicity, Ghana, Menstrual Cycle, Region of Residence, Women.