Use of Sexed and Conventional Semen in Dairy Animals

¹Assistant Professor, Veterinary Clinical Complex FVSc AH, SKUAST- Kashmir, India

²PhD Scholar, Animal Reproduction, Gynecology & Obstetrics FVSc AH, SKUAST- Kashmir, India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghulam Rasool Bhat, Assistant Professor, Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-Kashmir, India, Phone: 9419416052, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: January 30, 2026

Published Date: April 16, 2026

Citation: Bhat GR, et al. (2026). Use of Sexed and Conventional Semen in Dairy Animals. Mathews J Vet Sci. 10(2):108.

Copyrights: Bhat GR, et al. © (2026).

ABSTRACT

The use of sexed semen has become an important reproductive biotechnology in the dairy industry, allowing producers to predetermine the sex of offspring and increase the production of female calves for herd replacement and genetic improvement. Sex-sorting technologies utilize physical and biochemical differences between X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm, such as variations in size, motility, surface proteins, and electrical charge, with flow cytometry being the most reliable method, achieving about 90% accuracy. However, sexed semen has certain limitations, including lower sperm concentration per insemination dose, reduced sperm lifespan, and lower conception rates compared to conventional semen. The sorting process may also cause physiological and molecular stress to sperm due to staining, laser exposure, and mechanical forces, potentially affecting membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, and DNA stability. Despite these challenges, improved estrus detection, precise timing of artificial insemination, hormone supplementation, and optimized sperm doses can enhance fertility outcomes. Overall, sexed semen offers significant benefits for dairy breeding by increasing the proportion of female offspring, improving genetic progress, and enhancing herd productivity.

Keywords: Dairy Operations, Artificial Insemination, Sperm.