Nanotechnology-Inspired Approaches for Improving the Stability of Cephradine Dry Suspension: The Role of Pharmaceutical Excipients

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^3,4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

⁵Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

⁶Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lahore, Pakistan

⁷School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, Docklands Campus, University Way, London, UK

⁸Oxford Business College, Macclesfield House, New Road, Oxford, UK

*Corresponding author: Noor Zulfiqar, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Phone: +923178354635, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Published Date: September 30, 2025

Citation: Zulfiqar N, et al. (2025). Nanotechnology-Inspired Approaches for Improving the Stability of Cephradine Dry Suspension: The Role of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Mathews J Pharma Sci. 9(3):56.

Copyrights: Zulfiqar N, et al. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

Cephradine, a first-generation cephalosporin and β-lactam antibiotic, remains an important therapeutic agent for bacterial infections, particularly in pediatric practice where dry suspensions are preferred. The stability of cephradine dry suspensions is a critical determinant of therapeutic efficacy, patient compliance, and formulation acceptance. Pharmaceutical excipients including suspending agents, preservatives, sweeteners, stabilizers, and flavoring agents play a vital role in maintaining physicochemical stability, bioavailability, and palatability. This review highlights the functional contributions of key excipients, with special emphasis on citric acid as a multifunctional stabilizer, pH modulator, and absorption enhancer. In addition, nanotechnology-enabled strategies are discussed as promising future tools for enhancing cephradine stability. Approaches such as nanoencapsulation, nanostructured stabilizers, and lipid-based nanocarriers can protect β-lactam antibiotics from hydrolysis, improve controlled release, and extend shelf life. By integrating conventional excipient science with nanotechnology perspectives, this review underscores the potential for more robust and patient-friendly cephradine dry suspension formulations.

Keywords: Cephradine, Cephalosporins, β-lactam Antibiotics, Dry Suspension, Excipients, Formulation, Citric Acid, Pharmaceutical Additives, Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology, Nanocarriers, Drug Stability, Nanoformulation.