Clinical Anatomical Perspective of Skull Bone Marrow's Contribution to Neuroimmune Regulation

¹Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates

²Neuroscience Research Center, University of Gorgia, Athene, Gorgia 30601, USA

³Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Medical Research Institutes in Texas, Texas 78712, USA

⁴Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Immam Abdulrahman University, Dmmam 8273, KSA

⁵Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Dr. Suliman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11635, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

⁶Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt

⁷Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 213511, Egypt

*Corresponding author: Prof. Ahmed Salah Ashour, Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: April 29, 2025

Published Date: May 27, 2025

Citation: Ahmed AS, et al. (2025). Clinical Anatomical Perspective of Skull Bone Marrow's Contribution to Neuroimmune Regulation. Mathews J Neurol. 9(1):31.

Copyrights: Ahmed AS, et al. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

Inflammation is a protective immune response to injury or infection, promoting tissue repair and pathogen elimination. However, when it becomes dysregulated, it can worsen tissue damage, especially in brain injuries. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) typically protects the brain from immune cell infiltration, but during injuries, it can be compromised, leading to neuroinflammation and further damage. Recent research has highlighted the importance of skull bone marrow (SBM) in the brain's immune response, a concept once overlooked. SBM offer a direct pathway for immune cells to move between the skull and the brain, enhancing the brain’s immune defense. These cells, which are closer to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), show distinct molecular profiles that support tissue repair and immune modulation rather than promoting excessive inflammation. SBM play a key role in regulating immune responses during conditions like brain injuries, infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. Their ability to support both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses makes them crucial for CNS immunity and recovery. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of SBM in central nervous system (CNS) immunity, particularly during brain injury, infection, and neurodegenerative disease. The current review seeks to highlight SBM's unique contribution to immune regulation and tissue repair in the brain, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and improving clinical outcomes in neurological disorders. Future research on skull bone marrow could lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating neurological disorders and improving clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier, Skull Bone Marrow, Neuroinflammation.