¹Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Aoyama University, School of Nursing Niina, Mino City, Japan.

²Department of Nursing, School of Health Siences, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi Mizuho City Gifu, Japan.

Corresponding Author:Toshio Obata, Osaka Aoyama University, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing Niina, Mino City, Japan.Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +81-72-737-6754; E-Mail: [email protected]

Received Date: 11 Feb 2016 
 Accepted Date: 03 Mar 2016   
Published Date: 07 Mar 2016

Copyright  ©2016 Obata T

Citation:Obata T and Nakashima M. (2016). Environmental Estrogen-like Substances Enhances 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Ion-Induced Hydroxyl Radical Generation in Rat Striatum. Mathews J Anesth. 1(1): 001.

 

ABSTRACT

The present study was examined whether environmental-like substance, such as para-nonylphenol and bisphenol A, enhances 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP⁺ )-induced hydroxyl radical (•OH) in rat striatum. Rats were anesthetized, and sodium salicylate in Ringer’s solution (0.5 nmol/µl/min) was infused through a microdialysis probe to detect the generation of •OH as reflected by the non-enzymatic formation of dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). Both para-nonylphenol (5 µM) and bisphenol A (5 µM) enhanced MPP⁺ -released the level of dopamine (DA) with concomitant increased the •OH formation trapped as DHBA. However, tamoxifen, a synthetic non-steroidal antiestrogen, significantly suppressed these compounds enhances MPP⁺ -released the level of dopamine (DA). When iron (II) was administered to para-nonylphenol (5 µM)- and bisphenol A (5 µM)-treated MPP⁺ -rats, iron (II) clearly produced a dose-dependent increase in •OH formation trapped as DHBA, compared with MPP⁺ -only treated rats. These results suggest that an environmental-like substances enhances MPP⁺ -induced •OH generation via its estrogen action in rat striatum.

KEYWORDS

Para-nonylphenol; bisphenol A; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion; Dopamine; Hydroxyl radical; Parkinson’s disease.

ABBREVIATIONS

MPP⁺; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion
DA, dopamine
DHBA, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid